文|三水
受疫情隔离措施影响，目前全球有超过十亿儿童无法正常入学。对于在疫情下成长起来的这一代人来说，这场公共卫生危机可能将夺走他们的受教育机会，他们的人生际遇可能将永远发生改变。包括联合国前秘书长潘基文及各国政界、商界和学界在内的275位全球领袖联名致信二十国集团（G20）、国际货币基金组织（IMF）、世界银行、区域开发银行及各国政府，敦促它们认清这场危机的巨大危害，并提出三点倡议，帮助弱势群体的孩子们重返校园。以下为公开信全文：
我们呼吁，各国政府和国际组织采取果断行动，应对这场由新冠疫情引发的全球教育危机。受隔离措施影响，目前全球有超过十亿儿童无法正常入学。对于在疫情下成长起来的这一代人来说，这场公共卫生危机可能将夺走他们受教育的机会，他们的人生际遇可能将永远发生改变。这个风险不仅真实存在，而且就近在眼前。有些孩子相对幸运，他们可以通过其他方式继续接受教育。但对于世界上最贫困地区的儿童来说，互联网对他们遥不可及，他们不仅无法上学，而且还因此失去了免费校餐—这曾经是全球3亿儿童的生存保障，饥饿问题再次凸显。
当务之急，首先是要关注全球约3000万儿童的未来命运。根据联合国教科文组织的估计，这部分儿童可能将永久失学。作为全世界最弱势的群体，教育往往是他们摆脱贫困的唯一出路，而这唯一的出路目前正面临关闭的危险。对于许多正处在青春期的女孩来说，读书则是她们逃避强制婚姻的最好手段，也是她们扩展人生机遇的最大希望。
如果不能入学读书，会有更多的儿童将被迫从事剥削性劳役和危险劳动。另外，无论是儿童生存还是孕产妇保健、性别平等、就业机会创造和包容性经济增长，教育与人类进步的几乎每个方面都息息相关，教育危机将直接影响联合国2030年可持续发展目标的实现，各方为促进性别平等的努力将因此倒退数年。据世界银行估算，按经济产出计算，儿童失学可能造成的长期经济代价将高达10万亿美元。
我们不能袖手旁观，让这些年轻人受教育的机会和平等生活的权力被就此剥夺。目前全球已有2.6亿儿童辍学，还有7500万儿童因连年战乱被迫逃离家园，其中包括3500万儿童已沦为难民或无家可归。我们应加倍努力，给予他们所需的全部支持，帮助所有孩子重返校园，开始或恢复他们的在校学习，继续深造或接受高等教育。
摆在我们面前的是一项长期挑战——即便是在新冠疫情爆发前，人类就已经面临一场教育危机。发展中国家超过一半的儿童已陷入“贫学”状态——到11岁时，他们还几乎不具备基本的读写和算术能力。其结果就是，目前有8亿年轻人在未获得任何学历资质的情况下离开了学校。如果要避免这种情况，在成百上万已失学大半年的儿童准备重返校园时，我们需要政府加大投入，帮助学生赶上进度，并进行适当的能力评估。在2005年巴基斯坦地震灾害后，学校出勤率在四年后才恢复正常，相当于少了一年半的学习时间。
现在迫切需要投入大量资源，让年轻人重返校园学习并赶上进度。而且，在重建过程中，我们应该进行更好的规划：应以疫情期间所展现出的庞大社群力量为基础，为在线教育、个性化学习和教师培训提供更大支持，为贫困家庭和符合“社交距离”的学校给予有条件的现金转移支付。为推动全世界支持教育进步事业，多个全球组织组成已结成联盟，并参与了于2020年8月4日发起的“拯救我们的未来”(Save our Future)行动。
然而，就在我们亟需额外教育资源的非常时期，教育经费却面临来自三方面的威胁：
1、经济增长放缓甚至倒退将直接影响到政府的税收，几乎所有国家/地区都会削减包括教育在内的公共服务经费。
2、在对有限的资金进行分配时，一些政府可能将会优先考虑医疗和经济复苏，为数不多的教育经费可能将受到“挤占”。
3、发达国家面临的财政压力日益加剧，其结果将导致他们减少对包括教育援助在内的国际发展援助。在双边和多边援助的分配中，相对其他优先事项，对教育的援助原本就处于不利地位。另外，对教育投入已经不足的多边捐助机构也有可能将重新分配资金。
世界银行目前估计，明年低收入和中等收入国家的整体教育支出可能比之前的计划减少1,000亿到1,500亿美元。
教育经费不足的问题不会自行解决。
我们呼吁二十国集团、国际货币基金组织、世界银行、区域开发银行以及所有国家/地区认清这场危机的严重危害，并发出三点倡议，确保实现赶超，并恢复推进联合国可持续发展目标第4项。
第一，各国都应承诺保障一线教育支出不被挪用和挤占，尽可能通过有条件和无条件的现金转移支付优先满足最弱势儿童的需求，提高教育参与率。
第二，国际社会必须加大对教育的援助，重点关注包括贫困人口、女童、冲突地区的儿童和残疾儿童等最弱势群体。释放教育资源的最快捷途径是债务减免。未来两年，全球最贫穷的76个国家需要偿还的债务成本就高达860亿美元。我们呼吁暂停债务偿还，将偿债资金分配给教育和其他面向儿童的优先项目上。
第三，国际货币基金组织应发行1.2万亿美元特别提款权，其成员国应同意将这些资源用于最需要的国家，为经济重建搭建平台。
世界银行应该通过追加国际开发协会预算，为低收入国家提供更多支持。在这一方面，英国和荷兰已领先一步，两国已承诺向新设立的国际教育金融基金(IFFE)捐款6.5亿美元，同时通过担保和募捐方式帮助中低收入国家额外释放数十亿美元的教育资金。这一行动是未来两年对全球教育伙伴关系(GPE)所追加资金的补充，扩大对“教育优先”(Education Cannot Wait)计划的投资，并继续支持以教科文组织和儿童基金会主导的联合国机构对教育和儿童的重点关注。我们还呼吁私营部门的企业和基金会优先支持全球教育。
人类的可持续发展只能建立在优质教育的基础上。我们面对的是一场严峻挑战，想到这场危机对下一代的影响，我们更加坚定了实现可持续发展目标第四项这一宏伟蓝图的决心。我们将成为人类历史上不让一个孩子失学，并让每个孩子都能发挥聪明才智的第一代人。各国政府和国际社会必须团结起来，赋予每个孩子应得且有权得到的受教育机会。
2020年8月18日
MaríaElena Agüero
Secretary General of the WLA-Club de Madrid
Esko Aho
Prime Minister of Finland (1991-1995)¹
Dr Shamshad Akhtar
UN Under Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of ESCAP & AssistantSecretary-General at UN DESA (2013-2018); Governor of the State Bank ofPakistan (2006-2009)²
Dr Farida Allaghi
Ambassador of Libya to the European Union (2015-2016)³
HE Dr Abdulaziz Altwaijri
Director General of the Islamic Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization (1991-2019)³
Mohamed Amersi
Founder & Chairman, The Amersi Foundation
Dr Roger Ames
Director of the Center for Chinese Studies, University of Hawaii
Dr Kwame Anthony Appiah
Professor of Philosophy and Law, NYU
Shaukat Aziz
Prime Minister of Pakistan (2004-2007)³⁴
Professor Julian Baggini
Academic Director of the Royal Institute of Philosophy
Gordon Bajnai
Prime Minister of Hungary (2009-2010)
Harriett Baldwin MP
Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom; Founding Co-Chair,International Parliamentary Network for Education
Jan Peter Balkenende
Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002-2010)¹
HE Joyce Banda
President of Malawi (2012-2014)¹
Kaushik Basu
President of the International Economic Association; Chief Economist of theWorld Bank (2012-2016)
Carol Bellamy
Executive Director of UNICEF (1995-2005)²
Nicolas Berggruen
Chairman of the Berggruen Institute⁴
Professor Erik Berglöf
Director of the Institute of Global Affairs, London School ofEconomics; Chief Economist of the EBRD (2006-2014)
Suman Bery
Chief Economist at Royal Dutch Shell (2012-2016); Director-General of theNational Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi
Sir Tim Besley
President of the International Economic Association (2014-2017); Professor ofEconomics and Political Science, LSE
Valdis Birkavs
Prime Minister of Latvia (1993-1994)¹
Tony Blair
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997-2007)
Dr Mario Blejer
Governor of the Central Bank of Argentina (2002); Director of the Centre forCentral Banking Studies, Bank of England (2003-2008)
Irina Bokova
Director-General of UNESCO (2009-2017)²
Patrick Bolton
Professor of Finance and Economics, Imperial College London; Professor,Columbia University
Kjell Magne Bondevik
Prime Minister of Norway (1997-2000; 2001-2005)¹
Professor Sir Leszek Borysiewicz
Vice Chancellor, University of Cambridge (2010-2017)
Ouided Bouchamaoui
President of UTICA (2011-2018); Nobel Peace Prize Laureate (2015)³
Dumitru Braghiș
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María Eugenia Brizuela de Ávila
Minister of Foreign Affairs of El Salvador (1999-2004)²
Gordon Brown
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2007-2010)
John Bruton
Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland (1994-1997)¹⁵
Robin Burgess
Professor of Economics, LSE
Kim Campbell
Prime Minister of Canada (1993)¹
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
President of Brazil (1995-2003)¹
Wendy Carlin
Professor of Economics, University College London
Dr Vinton G. Cerf
Co-Inventor of the Internet³
Hikmet Çetin
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey (1991-1994), Speaker of the GrandNational Assembly (1997-1999)³⁵
Baroness Lynda Chalker
Minister of Overseas Development of the United Kingdom (1989-1997)⁵
Professor Bai Chong-En
Dean, Tsinghua School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University
Helen Clark
Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999-2008); UNDP Administrator (2009-2017)¹³⁵
Joe Clark
Prime Minister of Canada (1979-1980)⁵
Emil Constantinescu
President of Romania (1996-2000)³
Radhika Coomaraswamy
UN Under-Secretary-General and Special Representative for Children and ArmedConflict (2006-2012); UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women(1994-2003)²
Chester Crocker
Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, United States (1981-1989)⁵
Mirko Cvetković
Prime Minister of Serbia (2008-2012)³
Dr Antonio Damasio
David Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience, Psychology and Philosophy; Director,Brain and Creativity Institute, USC
Dr Hanna Damasio
Dana Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology; Director, DornsifeCognitive Neuroimaging Center, USC
Marzuki Darusman
Attorney General of Indonesia (1999-2001)⁵
Frederik Willem de Klerk
State President of South Africa (1989-1994)⁵
Kemal Derviş
Minister of Economic Affairs of Turkey (2001-2002); Administrator of UNDP(2005-2009); Senior Fellow Global Economy and Development, Brookings Institute
Beatrice Weder di Mauro
President, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR); Professor ofInternational Economics, Graduate Institute in Geneva
Dr Victor J. Dzau
President of the National Academy of Medicine
Gareth Evans
Foreign Minister of Australia (1988-1996); President and CEO of InternationalCrisis Group (2000-2009)⁵
Professor Sir Jeremy Farrar
Director of the Wellcome Trust
Jan Fischer
Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2009-2010); Finance Minister (2013-2014)³
Professor Tom Fletcher CMG
UK Ambassador to Lebanon (2011-2015); Principal-Elect of Hertford College,University of Oxford
Vicente Fox
President of Mexico (2000-2006)¹
Franco Frattini
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy (2002-2004; 2008-2011); EuropeanCommissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004-2008)³
Dr Anton Friedrich Koch
Professor of Philosophy, Universität Heidelberg
Chiril Gaburici
Prime Minister of Moldova (2015); Minister of Economy and Infrastructure(2018-2019)³
Ahmed Galal
Finance Minister of Egypt (2013-2014)
Nathalie de Gaulle
Chairwoman & Co-founder of NB-INOV; Founder of Under 40³
Lord Anthony Giddens
Director of the London School of Economics (1996–2003); Professor, Departmentof Sociology, LSE
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Prime Minister of Malta (2004-2013)⁵
Dr Alexander Görlach
Senior Fellow at the Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Relations,University of Cambridge
Dalia Grybauskaitė
President of the Republic of Lithuania (2009-2019)¹
Rebeca Grynspan
Ibero-American Secretary-General; Second Vice President of Costa Rica (1994-1998);UN Under-Secretary-General and Associate Administrator of UNDP (2010-2014)²
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim
President of Mauritius (2015-2018)³
Sergei Guriev
Chief Economist of the EBRD (2016-2019); Professor of Economics, Sciences Po
Dr Han Seung-soo
Prime Minister of South Korea (2008-2009)¹
Senator Robert M. Hertzberg
Majority Leader of the California State Senate, United States
Dr Noeleen Heyzer
UN Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of ESCAP (2007-2015)²³
Bengt Holmström
Nobel Laureate for Economics (2016); Professor of Economics, MIT
Wang Hui
Professor of Chinese Language, Literature, and History, Tsinghua University
Mo Ibrahim
Founder of Celtel; Chairman of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation⁴
Enrique Iglesias
Foreign Minister of Uruguay (1985-1988); President of the Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank (1988-2005)¹⁵
Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu
Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (2004-2014)³
Dalia Itzik
Interim President of Israel (2007); President of the Knesset (2006-2009)³
Mladen Ivanić
Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2014-2018)³
Pico Iyer
Distinguished Presidential Fellow, Chapman University; Writer & Essayist,TIME
Garry Jacobs
President & Chief Executive Officer of the World Academy of Art andScience³
HE Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
President of Liberia (2006-2018); Member of The Elders⁵
Anthony Jones
Vice-President and Executive Director of the Gorbachev Foundation of NorthAmerica¹
Ivo Josipović
President of Croatia (2010-2015)¹³
Jean-Claude Juncker
Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995-2013); President of the European Commission(2014-2019)¹
Mats Karlsson
Vice President, External Affairs at the World Bank (1999-2002)³
Caroline Kende-Robb
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Rima Khalaf
Executive Secretary of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia(2010-2017)²
Dr Moushira Khattab
Executive President, Kemet Boutros Boutros Ghali Foundation forPeace and Knowledge; Minister of Family and Population of Egypt (2009-2011)³
Ban Ki-moon
UN Secretary General (2007-2016); Deputy Chair of The Elders¹
Horst Köhler
President of the Federal Republic of Germany (2004-2010)¹
Jadranka Kosor
Prime Minister of Croatia (2009-2011)³
Professor Anne Krueger
First Deputy Managing Director of the IMF (2001-2006); Senior ResearchProfessor of International Economics, School for Advanced InternationalStudies, Johns Hopkins University
HE John Kufuor
President of Ghana (2001-2009)¹
Chandrika Kumaratunga
President of Sri Lanka (1994-2005)¹³
Aleksander Kwaśniewski
President of Poland (1995-2005)¹
Rachel Kyte
Dean of The Fletcher School, Tufts University; UN Special Representative of theSecretary-General for Sustainable Energy for All (2016-2019); World Bank GroupVP & Special Envoy (2012-2015)²
Ricardo Lagos
President of Chile (2000-2006); Member of the Elders¹⁴
Zlatko Lagumdzija
Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001- 2002); Foreign Affairs Minister(2012-2015)¹³
Yves Leterme
Prime Minister of Belgium (2008; 2009-2011)¹³
Dr Margaret Levi
Director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences &Professor of Political Science, Stanford University
Professor Justin Yifu Lin
Chief Economist & Senior Vice-President of the World Bank (2008-2012); Deanof Institute of New Structural Economics, Peking University³
Tzipi Livni
Vice Prime Minister & Minister of Foreign Affairs of Israel (2006-2009);Minister of Justice (2013-2014)³
Petru Lucinschi
President of Moldova (1997-2001)³
Ricardo Luna
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru (2016-2018)⁵
Nora Lustig
President Emeritus of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association;Professor of Latin American Economics, Tulane University
Graça Machel
Education & Culture Minister of Mozambique (1975-1986); Deputy Chair of TheElders
Sir John Major
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990-1997)
Susana Malcorra
UN Under-Secretary-General for Field Support (2008-2012); Chef de Cabinet to UNSecretary-General (2012-2015); Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina(2015-2017)²
Purnima Mane
UN Assistant-Secretary-General and Deputy Executive Director UNFPA (2007-2012)²
Moussa Mara
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Prime Minister of Hungary (2002-2004)³
Rexhep Meidani
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Mario Monti
Prime Minister of Italy (2011-2013)¹⁴
Rovshan Muradov
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Joseph Muscat
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Mustapha Kamel Nabli
Governor of the Central Bank of Tunisia (2011-2012)
Piroska Nagy-Mohácsi
Programme Director of the Institute of Global Affairs, LSE; Director of Policy,EBRD (2009-2015)
Dawn Nakagawa
Executive Vice President, Berggruen Institute
Dr Rebecca Newberger Goldstein
Philosopher
Bujar Nishani
President of Albania (2012-2017)³
Chief Olusegun Obasanjo
President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999-2007)¹
Josiah Ober
Professor of Political Science and Classics, Stanford University
Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Board Chair of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation; FinanceMinister of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (2011-2015)
Djoomart Otorbaev
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2014-2015)³
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Elsa Papademetriou
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Prime Minister of Greece (2009-2011)³
Andrés Pastrana
President of Colombia (1998-2002)¹
J. Patterson
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L.S. Rockefeller University Professor of Politics and Human Values, PrincetonUniversity
Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering
United States Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (1997-2000);Ambassador to the UN (1989-1992)⁵
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Nobel Laureate for Economics (2010); Professor of Economics & PoliticalScience, LSE
Rosen Plevneliev
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Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca
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Prime Minister of Italy (2006-2008); President of the European Commission(1999-2004)¹
Michael Puett
Walter C. Klein Professor of Chinese History, Department of East AsianLanguages and Civilization, Harvard University
Jorge Quiroga
President of Bolivia (2001-2002)¹
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Òscar Ribas Reig
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Lord George Robertson
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Mary Robinson
President of Ireland (19990-1997); UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; Chairof the Elders¹
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
Prime Minister of Spain (2004-2011)¹
Dani Rodrik
President-Elect of the International Economic Association; Professor ofInternational Political Economy, Harvard University
Gérard Roland
Professor of Economics & Professor of Political Science, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley
Petre Roman
Prime Minister of Romania (1989-1991)¹³
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President of Wesleyan University
Nouriel Roubini
Chairman & CEO, Roubini Macro Associates LLC
Ruslana
World Music Award and Eurovision Song Contest winning recording artist; SpecialEnvoy of NGIC
Isabel Saint Malo
Vice President of Panama (2014-2019)²
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President of Colombia (2010-2018); Nobel Peace Prize Laureate (2016); Member ofThe Elders
Amartya Sen
Nobel Laureate for Economics (1998); Professor of Economics & Philosophy,Harvard University
Ismail Serageldin
Vice President of the World Bank (1992-2000); Co-Chair of NGIC
Fatiha Serour
Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Somalia (2013-2014)²
Rosalía Arteaga Serrano
President of Ecuador (1997)³
Dame Jenny Shipley
Prime Minister of New Zealand (1997-1999)¹
Javier Solana
Secretary General of the Council of the EU (1999-2009); Secretary General ofNATO (1995-1999)¹⁵
Professor Sir Richard Sorabji
Honorary Fellow, Wolfson College, University of Oxford
Michael Spence
Nobel Laureate for Economics (2001); William R. Berkley Professor in Economics& Business, NYU⁴
Devi Sridhar
Professor of Global Public Health, University of Edinburgh
Dr Eduardo Stein
Vice President of Guatemala (2004-2008)⁵
Lord Nicholas Stern
Chief Economist & Senior Vice-President of the World Bank (2000-2003);Chief Economist of the EBRD (1994-1999) & Professor of Economics andGovernment, LSE
Joseph Stiglitz
Chief Economist of the World Bank (1997-2000); Nobel Laureate for Economics(2001); Professor, Columbia University⁴
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President of Bulgaria (1997-2002)³
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United States Secretary of the Treasury (1999-2001); Deputy Secretary of theTreasury (1995-1999); Chief Economist of the World Bank (1991-1993); Directorof the National Economic Council (2009-2010)⁴
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President of Serbia (2004-2012)¹³
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President of Slovenia (2007-2012); President of WLA-Club de Madrid
Professor Laura D’Andrea Tyson
Director of the United States National Economic Council (1995-1996); FacultyDirector, Haas Institute for Business & Social Impact, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley⁴
Cassam Uteem
President of Mauritius (1992-2002); Vice-President of WLA-Club de Madrid⁵
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UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador; Board Member of NGIC
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Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the Center for Universal Education, BrookingsInstitution
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Finance Minister of Chile (2006-2010); Dean of the School of Public Policy, LSE
Vaira Vike-Freiberga
President of Latvia (1999-2007)¹; Co-Chair of NGIC
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President, Mannheim University (2012-2019); Professor, Economics Department
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Founder & President of the African School of Economics; Professor ofPolitics and International Affairs, Princeton University
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Chief Economist of the Asian Development Bank (2014-2016); Professor of ChineseBusiness and Economy & Finance and Economics, Columbia Business School
Rebecca Winthrop
Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the Center for Universal Education, BrookingsInstitution
Bin Wong
Distinguished Professor of History; Director of the Asia Institute, UCLA(2004-2016)
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First Lady of Ukraine (2005-2010); Board Member of NGIC
Viktor Yushchenko
President of Ukraine (2005-2010)³
Fareed Zakaria
Host of Fareed Zakaria GPS, CNN⁴
Valdis Zatlers
President of Latvia (2007-2011)³
Ernesto Zedillo
President of Mexico (1994-2000); Member of The Elders¹⁴
Min Zhu
Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (2011-2016)⁴
ActionAid UK
Girish Menon, CEO
African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET)
Dr K.Y. Amoako, President and Founder
BRAC International
Dr Muhammad Musa, Executive Director
CARE International UK
Laurie Lee, CEO
Catholic Agency for Oversees Development (CAFOD)
Christine Allen, Director
Save the Children International
Inger Ashing, CEO
Save the Children UK
Kevin Watkins, CEO
The Education Commission
Dr Liesbet Steer, Director
Theirworld
Dr Justin van Fleet, President
WaterAid UK
Tim Wainwright, CEO
¹ Memberof the World Leadership Alliance-Club de Madrid
² Member of Global Women Leaders: Voices for Change and Inclusion
³ Member of Nizami Ganjavi International Center (NGIC)
⁴ Member of the Berggruen Institute 21st Century Council
⁵ Member of Global Leadership Foundation
Members ofthe Parliamentary Network on the World Bank & IMF:
DenisKpwang Abbé
Senator of the Republic of Cameroon (2013-2018)
Francisco Ashley L. Acedillo
Member, House of Representatives of the Republic of the Philippines (2013-2016)
Mohammed Jawad Ahmed
Advisor to the Speaker, Parliament of the Republic of Iraq
Shakeel Shabbir Ahmed
Member of Parliament, National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya
Shamsul Iskandar Bin Mohd Akin
Member of Parliament of Malaysia
Iqbal Abdul Hussein Almadhy MP
Member of Parliament, Parliament of the Republic of Iraq; President of the PNChapter in Iraq
Njume Peter Ambang
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Cameroon; Member of the Education andYouth Affairs Committee
Ecaterina Andronescu
Senator, Parliament of Romania; Minister of Education (2018-2019); Professor,University Politehnica of Bucharest
Ibtissame Azzaoui
Member of the Parliament of Morocco
Alban Sumana Kingsford Bagbin
Second Deputy Speaker, Parliament of Ghana
Alpha Bah
Vice President, National Assembly of Guinea
Hafida Benchahida
Senator of the Republic of Algeria; Founding Member of the Mediterranean WomenMediators Network
Hervé Berville
Member of the National Assembly of the French Republic
Nozha Beyaoui
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Tunisia
Sunjeev Kour Birdi
Member of Parliament, National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya
Gary Bodeau
President of the Chamber of Deputies, National Assembly of the Republic ofHaiti (2018-2020)
Peter M. Boehm
Senator, Senate of Canada
Mārtiņš Bondars
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Latvia
Liam Byrne MP
Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom; Chair of the Parliamentary Networkon the World Bank and IMF
Professor Alejandro Cacace
Representative, National Congress of Argentina
Yunus Carrim
Member of Parliament, National Council of Provinces of Parliament, Republic ofSouth Africa; Chairperson of the Select Committee on Finance
Giulio Centemero MP
Member of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy; Member of the Finance Committee;Co-Chair, PAM Panel on Trade and Investments
Sarah Champion MP
Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom
Olfa Soukri Cherif
Member of Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania
Sven Clement
Member of the Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies
Gordana Comic
Member of Parliament, National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia (2001-2020)
Shiddi Usman Danjuma
Member of the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Colin Deacon
Senator, Senate of Canada
Issa Mardo Djabir MP
Member of the National Assembly of the Republic of Chad
Percy E. Downe
Senator, Senate of Canada
Worlea-Saywah Dunah
Founder and Chairman of the Board, Center for Africa Development and Democracy
Nathaniel Erskine-Smith
Member of Parliament of Canada
Marouan Felfel
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Tunisia
Cedric Thomas Frolick
Member of Parliament, National Assembly of Parliament of the Republic of SouthAfrica
Mahmut Celadet Gaydalı
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Turkey
Hajia Alijata sulemana Gbentie
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Ghana (2013-2016)
Najeeb Ghanem
Member of the House of Representatives, Parliament of Yemen
Hawa Abdulrahman Ghasia
Member of Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania (2005-2020)
Preet Kaur Gill MP
Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom; Shadow Secretary of State forInternational Development
Patrick Grady MP
Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom
Dr Lahcen Haddad
Member of the Parliament of Morocco; Minister of Tourism, Government of Morocco(2012-2016); Vice President of the SID International Governing Council
Laura Angélica Rojas Hernández
Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico
Anthony Kimani Ichung'Wah
Member of Parliament, National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya
Eunice Kabiru
Member of Parliament of Estonia
Rebecca Yei Kamara
Member of Parliament, Parliament of Sierra Leone
Abdul Kargbo
Member of Parliament, Parliament of Sierra Leone
Gideon Keter
Member of Parliament, National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya
Volkmar Klein
Member of the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany
John Muiruri Makuno
Director, Action for Children in Conflict UK
Doruntinë E. Maloku
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Kosovo; Chair of the Committee onEconomic Development
Teodomiro Nzé Mangué
Senator, Senate of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea
Janet Zebedayo Mbene
Member of Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania
Betty McCollum
Congresswoman, United States House of Representatives
Hayat Meziani
Member of Parliament of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (2012-2017)
Dr Ammar Moussi
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Algeria
Ruzanna Muradyan
Founder, Education Without Boundaries
Irene Wairimu Mwangi
Public Policy Specialist, Kenya
Cornelius Mweetwa
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Zambia
Adamou Namata
Member of the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Bekono Ebah epse Ndoumou
Member of Parliament of the Republic of Cameroon
Professor George Bureng V. Nyombe
Chairperson of the TNLA, Republic of South Sudan
Olayiwola Jamiu Ojodu MP
Member, Ogun State House of Assembly of the Republic of Ghana
Hassan Omar Mohamed
Member of Parliament, National Assembly of the Republic of Djibouti; Presidentof the Parliamentary Group of Population and Development
Margaret Mary Quirk MLA
Member of the Parliament of Western Australia
Niki Rattle
Speaker of Parliament of the Cook Islands
Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia
Senator, Senate of Canada
Dharma Raj Regmi
Parliamentarian, Federal Parliament of Nepal
Dr Azmi Shuaibi
Anti-Corruption Advisor, TI Palestine, Transparency International
Amanda Simard MPP
Member of the Provincial Parliament, Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Andres Sutt
Member of Parliament of Estonia; Deputy Governor and Member of the ExecutiveBoard, Bank of Estonia (2001-2009)
Catherine Zainab Tarawally
Member of Parliament, Parliament of Sierra Leone; Deputy Whip, All People'sCongress Party
Dr Olanrewaju Adeyemi Tejuoso
Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (2015-2019)
Umayya Toukan
Senator, Parliament of Jordan
Nguyen Tuong Van
Secretary General of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly
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